Characterizations of modalities and lex modalities

A reflective subuniverse in homotopy type theory is an internal version of the notion of a localization in topology or in the theory of ∞-categories. Working in homotopy type theory, we give new characterizations of the following conditions on a reflective subuniverse L: (1) the associated subuniverse $L^{\prime }$ of L-separated types is a modality; (2) L is a modality; (3) L is a lex modality; and (4) L is a cotopological modality. In each case, we give several necessary and sufficient conditions. Our characterizations involve various families of maps associated to L, such as the L-étale maps, the L-equivalences, the L-local maps, the L-connected maps, the unit maps ${\eta }_X$, and their left and/or right orthogonal complements. More generally, our main theorem gives an overview of how all of these classes related to each other. We also give examples that show that all of the inclusions we describe between these classes of maps can be strict.     

具有四个素因子的奇亏完全数

设n为自然数,σ(n)表示n的所有正因子和函数.令d是n的真因子,若n满足σ(n)=2n-d,则称n为亏因子为d的亏完全数.本文给出了具有四个素因子的奇亏完全数的一些性质的刻画.     

基于S变换的地震信号降噪方法研究

S变换在分析非平稳信号时能有效地反映出频率随时间的变化,但由于其窗函数是固定不变的,在实际中应用受到了限制.从基本理论出发,推导出一种改进的S变换形式,并对合成信号分别进行傅立叶变换、s变换和改进的S变换,通过对比发现:改进的s变换方法能够更好地分辨非平稳信号的频率特性,比S变换具有更高的分辨率.最后应用改进的s变换方法对地震背景噪声数据进行了去噪处理,取得了较好的结果.     

Poly(ether ketone)s bearing pendent sulfonate groups via copolyacylation of a sulfonated monomer and isomeric AB‐type comonomers

Poly(ether ketone)s bearing pendent sulfonate groups (SPEK‐x/y/z) have been successfully synthesized via copolyacylation of a presulfonated monomer SBP and two isomeric AB‐type self‐condensable comonomers, that is, 4‐phenoxybenzoic acid (p‐POBA) and 3‐phenoxybenzoic acid (m‐POBA). Proton‐exchange membranes (PEMs) with precisely controlled ion‐exchange capacity (IEC) and high strength can be readily prepared from these ionomers. PEMs prepared from p‐POBA other than m‐POBA exhibit much higher dimensional stability and proton conductivity at elevated temperature above 60 °C, showing prominent isomeric (para vs. meta) effects of polymer structural units. Furthermore, properties of PEMs prepared from p‐POBA are optimized by tuning IEC. SPEK‐1.0/2.2/0 with an IEC of 1.84 mmol g^?1 exhibits acceptable swelling, much higher proton conductivity, and lower methanol permeability than commercial Nafion 115, implying potential application in direct methanol fuel cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 200–207     

Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione based copolymers for high performance organic solar cells and organic field effect transistors

Donor-acceptor type copolymers have wide applications in organic field-effect transistors and organic photovoltaic devices. Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD), as an electron-withdrawing unit, has been widely used in D-A type copolymers recently. Till now, the highest power conversion efficiency and mobility of TPD-based copolymers are over 8% and 1.0 cm² V^-1 s^-1 respectively. In this review, the recent progress of TPD-based copolymers in organic solar cells and organic transistors is summarized.     

澳门博采收入增长影响因素分析

通过对2005年1月至2013年7月份的澳门博采毛收入数据进行季节分析,显示澳门博采毛收入有显著的中国节假日特征.其次分析入境澳门旅客数、酒店住客数、劳动力参与率、消费指数以及突发事件是否是澳门博采毛收入迅速增长的原因,通过计量经济学分析,得到酒店住客数、劳动力参与率、中国的节假日三个因素对澳门博采毛收入有显著的正向影响关系,而2008年世界金融危机对博采毛收入有显著的负的影响.最后结合实际给出了提高博采收入的政策建议.     

Two new eudesmane-type glucopyranosides from the fruits of Daucus carota L.

Two new eudesmane-type glucopyranosides have been isolated from the fruits of Daucus carota L. On the basis of their spectroscopic and chemical evidence, the new compounds were elucidated as daucucarotol-10-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and decahydro-7-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-isopropyl]-1β,4aα-dimethyl-(1α,4α,8aβ)-naphthalenetriol (2). Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate antitumour activity against human ECA-109 and gave IC₅₀ values of 23.22 and 26.76 μM, respectively.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定离子吸附型稀土矿中的浸出稀土元素

对浙江某地大量的离子吸附型稀土样品进行了稀土元素(Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)的浸提和测定实验,实验对比了氯化铵和硫酸铵溶液对矿石中稀土元素的浸出性能,选择了杂质浸出较少的硫酸铵溶液作为浸出剂,对不同稀土含量的吸附型稀土矿进行了实验,浸出方法稳定,符合工业开采要求。实验了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定浸出液中稀土元素分量的方法,浸出液经大比例稀释并酸化后测定,精密度较好,能满足离子吸附型稀土矿评价的质量要求,方法检出限(6σ)0.005~0.26μg/g,单元素测定精密度(n=6,RSD≤6.0%),浸出稀土元素总量测定RSD≤4.0%。实际样品的实验及测定结果满意。     

Nonmonotone Inexact Newton Method for the Extended Linear Complementarity Problem

This paper presents a nonmonotone inexact Newton-type method for the extended linear complementarity problem (ELCP). We first reformulate the optimization system of the ELCP problem into a system of smoothed equations. Then we solve this system by a nonmonotone inexact Newton-type algorithm. The global convergence is obtained and numerical tests for some classes of ELCP include linear complementarity, horizontal linear complementarity, and generalized linear complementarity problems are also given to show the e?ciency of the proposed algorithm.     

Torsion simple modules over the quantum spatial ageing algebra

Various classes of simple torsion modules are classified over the quantum spatial ageing algebra (this is a Noetherian algebra of Gelfand-Kirillov dimension 4). Explicit constructions of these modules are given and for each module its annihilator is found.